Grade 12 — Year Planner Grade 12
Based on the 2026 IT CAPS. Grade 12 introduces SQL (Term 1), OOP & 2D arrays (Term 2). Paper 2 is cumulative across all Grades 10–12.
A year planner — not a test scope
This shows when each topic is taught during the year — it is not a list of what any single test covers. Any work done so far this year, plus the foundational work from earlier grades, can still be assessed, so don't study only the current term's topics.
Grade 12 Exam Structure
Paper 1 (3 hrs): Delphi programming — SQL, OOP, 2D arrays, recursion, file handling, arrays, general programming.
Paper 2 (3 hrs): All theory from Gr10–12.
T1
Term 1 • January – March
SQL (all statements + WHERE join); data management & database design theory
🔬 Practical (Paper 1)
- SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, DISTINCT
- Calculated fields, aliases (AS)
- LIKE, IN, BETWEEN, IS NULL, wildcards, dates (#)
- Aggregate: SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNT, TOP
- GROUP BY and HAVING
- INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
- SQL functions: ROUND, INT, LENGTH, LEFT, RIGHT, MID, FORMAT
- Date functions: DAY, MONTH, YEAR, DATE
- Joining tables using WHERE (single join)
- Parameterised queries (one parameter)
- All SQL via TADOQuery in Delphi
📘 Theory (Paper 2)
- Data collection: forms, RFID, cookies, transactions, loyalty cards
- Data warehousing vs databases
- Data mining: processes & practical examples
- Caring for data: validation, verification, integrity, access control
- Characteristics of a good database
- Referential integrity
- Database anomalies (insertion, deletion, modification)
- Normalisation: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF
- Mobile hardware & performance factors
- Mobile tech privacy implications (personal & business)
- Big Data, warehousing & mining: social implications
T2
Term 2 • April – June (incl. mid-year exam)
OOP & 2D arrays; cloud/AI/VR/AR, cybercrime
🔬 Practical (Paper 1)
- OOP concepts: class, object, instance
- Non-parameterised & parameterised constructors
- Private attributes vs public methods
- Accessor (Get) methods
- Mutator (Set) methods
- Auxiliary methods
- ToString method
- Correct instantiation of objects
- 2D arrays: declaration & syntax
- Populating with nested FOR loops
- Row totals, column totals, element access
📘 Theory (Paper 2)
- Computer management: housekeeping, integrity, system protection
- Cloud computing: SaaS, advantages, hardware effects
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): uses, advantages, limitations
- VR: uses, hardware/software requirements, limitations
- AR & Mixed Reality: uses, hardware, limitations
- Virtualisation: uses & benefits
- Computer criminals: hackers, crackers, cyber gangs
- Types of cybercrime: identity theft, ransomware, phishing, botnets
- Effects of cybercrime
- Safeguards against cybercrime
T3
Term 3 • July – September (prelim + PAT due)
Consolidation; internet services, networks, communication security & social implications
🔬 Practical (Paper 1) — Consolidation
- Past paper practice: full Paper 1 (2019–2025)
- Complex SQL (join + aggregate + GROUP BY)
- OOP multi-class scenarios
- 2D array exam scenarios
- Recursion varied problems & tracing
- File handling & CSV processing
- 1D array sort/search/parallel
📘 Theory (Paper 2)
- Semantic search, mediated search, SEO
- Online apps: cookies, PHP/JS/XML, CSS, AJAX
- Switch, cables, wireless base station
- Internet connections: fibre, Wi-Fi, 4G/5G, satellite
- Sharing files/folders, user rights, BitTorrent
- Remote access (LAN, Internet, VPN)
- SSL, public/private keys, digital certificates, firewall
- Review Gr11 data security (blockchain, encryption, MFA)
- Computers solving national/global problems
- Social networking evolution & its effects
- Privacy: cookies, anonymity, GUIDs, file sharing
T4
Term 4 • September – November — Final Exams
No new content — case studies, exam revision
🔬 Paper 1 High-Priority Areas
- Q1: General programming (strings, loops, decisions)
- Q2: Arrays & text file handling
- Q3: OOP with multiple method types
- Q4: SQL + database programming (incl. join)
📘 Paper 2 High-Priority Areas
- Hardware, networks, internet (cumulative Gr10–12)
- Normalisation (1NF/2NF/3NF) — always appears
- Social implications & cybercrime
- Check Exam Extras for out-of-CAPS questions